test: a plugin section saved through /config/main needs no restart

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -19,29 +19,6 @@ accepts both, but the store flags the old spelling as deprecated
 
 ## Unreleased
 
-### ESPN date-range fetches: fewer requests, fewer at once
-
-A soccer board (8 leagues, ESPN rejecting `dates=` ranges) logged ~90
-`NameResolutionError` lines and an `update() timed out` at every start on a
-Pi: each league's fortnight-either-side window was 29 day requests, fetched
-by several managers at once, ~40 in flight. Measured against live ESPN with
-soccer-scoreboard 2.39.2, alternating runs: **~450 requests per start, peak
-~45 in flight, ~75 DNS lookups -> 46 requests, peak 13, ~30 lookups**.
-
-- `fetch_espn_date_chunks()` asks for a window's partial edge month whole
-  when the window covers `ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS` (7) or more of its days,
-  and trims the answer to the window's days by each event's US Eastern start
-  date -- the day ESPN's `dates=YYYYMMDD` means (417 of 417 live soccer
-  events matched). A 29-day window spanning two months is 2 requests instead
-  of 29. Short windows (a live poll's 1-2 days) stay day by day. A trimmed
-  month that comes back at the 500-event cap re-asks only the window's days.
-  An event with no readable date is kept. New: `espn_request_chunks()`.
-- Chunk requests share one process-wide cap of `ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS` (6) in
-  flight, across every window being fetched, instead of six per window.
-- A new process starts as if a range had just been rejected, so it no longer
-  spends one doomed 400 per window at every start (eleven at once from a
-  soccer board); the range is still retried `RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS` in.
-
 ### Cheap per-frame and per-fetch savings
 
 - `BaseOddsManager.get_odds()` no longer pretty-prints every odds response
@@ -511,6 +488,34 @@ policies are unchanged.
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- `POST /api/v3/config/schedule` and `/config/dim-schedule` accept a
+  disabled per-day schedule with every day off. That is the shape
+  `config.template.json` ships, so posting back what GET returned on a fresh
+  install answered 400 "At least one day must be enabled". An enabled per-day
+  schedule still needs a day on. A day that is off now keeps the times it
+  was posted with (the schedule picker sends them). Before, saving dropped
+  them, so turning the day back on showed the defaults.
+- `POST /api/v3/config/main` answers `restart_required: true` only when the
+  save changed a setting the running display does not apply by itself.
+  Brightness (`brightness.set` and the config watcher), the per-mode
+  durations and plugin sections are applied live. A brightness-only save,
+  such as the MQTT bridge's slider, or a save that changed nothing, no longer
+  shows the restart banner. Hardware, rotation order, timezone and every
+  other setting still ask for the restart.
+- `GET /api/v3/health` reports `degraded` when the display service is
+  stopped. Before, only the sub-checks changed, and the overall status stayed
+  `healthy` for as long as the last preview frame was under 60 s old.
+  `checks.display_loop.status` is now `stopped` when three things agree:
+  systemd says the service is not active, the control socket does not
+  answer, and there is no live heartbeat. Where the platform has no socket
+  (Windows) or it is switched off, nothing changes.
+- `GET /api/v3/display/current-status` no longer reports the stopped
+  display's last state (`is_display_active: true`) from the cache for up to
+  120 s. When the control socket does not answer and the render loop's
+  heartbeat is absent, stale, or from a process that is gone (#726's rules),
+  the answer is unknown, with every field `null`. A display that still beats
+  without a socket, Windows and a socket switched off read the cache as
+  before. New `web_interface.display_state.display_gone()`.
 - The garbage-collection timer (`GcMonitor`, above) no longer prints
   `Exception ignored while calling GC callback ... 'NoneType' object has no
   attribute 'perf_counter'` when the display service or a test run exits.

docs/REST_API_REFERENCE.md

@@ -159,14 +159,16 @@ there an unchecked checkbox — which the browser omits — is saved as
 }
 ```
 
-`restart_required` is always true here: display hardware, rotation,
-durations and general settings take effect when the display restarts, and
-the web UI shows its restart banner on the flag. (Plugin sections saved
-through this route reach the running plugin live, like
-`POST /plugins/config`.)
+`restart_required` is true when the save changed a setting that takes
+effect when the display restarts: display hardware, rotation order,
+timezone, general settings and the rest. The web UI shows its restart banner
+on the flag. It is false when the save changed only what the running display
+applies by itself, or nothing: `brightness`, the per-mode durations
+(`duration__<mode>`, `display.display_durations`) and plugin sections, which
+reach the running plugin live, like `POST /plugins/config`.
 
-A saved `brightness` is the exception: it reaches the panel without a
-restart. The route also sends it to the running display over the control
+A saved `brightness` reaches the panel without a restart. The route also
+sends it to the running display over the control
 socket (`brightness.set`), which puts it on the panel at once, and the
 response adds `"brightness_transport": "socket"`. Otherwise it is
 `"config"`, with `brightness_socket_error` giving the reason, and the
@@ -246,7 +248,10 @@ Replace the schedule configuration.
 ```
 
 A day whose `<day>_enabled` key is absent counts as enabled, with default
-times `07:00`-`23:00`. At least one day must be enabled.
+times `07:00`-`23:00`. An enabled schedule needs at least one day enabled; a
+disabled one (`"enabled": false`) may have every day off, as
+`config.template.json` ships it. A day that is off keeps the times sent for
+it, when they are valid `HH:MM`.
 
 **Response**:
 ```json
@@ -343,7 +348,11 @@ control socket ([IPC_CONTROL_SOCKET.md](IPC_CONTROL_SOCKET.md)), and `cache`
 when it came from the `display_current_state` cache key (no socket: the
 display is stopped or older, or this is Windows). A display whose render
 loop has not refreshed its state for 120 seconds is reported with every
-field `null`, either way.
+field `null`, either way. So is a stopped display: when the socket does not
+answer and the render loop's heartbeat
+(`/run/ledmatrix/display-heartbeat.json`) is absent, stale or from a process
+that is gone, the cache's last entry is not used. A display still beating
+without a socket, Windows, or a socket switched off reads the cache.
 
 ### List Display Modes
 
@@ -2281,7 +2290,11 @@ display snapshot. `data.status` is `healthy` or `degraded`, with
 (with `heartbeat_age_seconds`), `stalled` (no heartbeat for 60s: the panel is
 frozen even if the service is active; the status turns `degraded`), or
 `not_reported` when the display writes none (not started yet, the dev server,
-Windows), which does not affect the status. Its `source` is `socket` when the
+Windows), which does not affect the status, or `stopped` (with `source:
+"service"`) when the display service is not active, the control socket does
+not answer and there is no live heartbeat; the status then turns
+`degraded`. A platform with no control socket (Windows) or a socket switched
+off never reports `stopped`. Its `source` is `socket` when the
 age came from the display's state stream over the control socket (measured
 in memory by the display) and `heartbeat_file` when it came from
 `/run/ledmatrix/display-heartbeat.json`.
@@ -2344,8 +2357,9 @@ Replace the dim schedule. `dim_brightness` is 0-100 (default 30). In
 `per-day` mode the days can be sent either as the `days` object that GET
 returns, or as the web form's flat fields (`monday_enabled`,
 `monday_start`, `monday_end`, ...). A day that is not sent counts as
-enabled with default times `20:00`-`07:00`; at least one day must be
-enabled.
+enabled with default times `20:00`-`07:00`. As for the schedule above, an
+enabled dim schedule needs at least one day enabled and a disabled one may
+have every day off.
 
 ---
 

src/common/README.md

@@ -109,11 +109,8 @@ and the plugin test harness all use it. Most plugins get BDF text through
 [`espn_dates.py`](espn_dates.py). ESPN's site API rejects `dates=` ranges
 and truncates results when `limit` is above 500. `fetch_espn_scoreboard()`
 splits a range into month and day requests ESPN accepts and merges the
-results; `espn_date_chunks()`, `espn_request_chunks()`,
-`fetch_espn_date_chunks()`, `clamp_espn_limit()` and
-`merge_scoreboard_payloads()` are the pieces. A window's partial edge months
-are asked whole and trimmed to its days (US Eastern), and chunk requests share
-one process-wide cap of `ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS` in flight.
+results; `espn_date_chunks()`, `fetch_espn_date_chunks()`,
+`clamp_espn_limit()` and `merge_scoreboard_payloads()` are the pieces.
 Every request goes through [`fetch_service`](#fetch_service), the chunks
 counted against the plugin that asked. Scoreboard plugins also bundle a copy
 for older cores.

src/common/espn_dates.py

@@ -26,30 +26,10 @@ A month can hold more than 500 events (college baseball's March does), and
 ESPN answers that with exactly ``limit`` events and no hint that more exist. A
 month chunk that comes back full is therefore re-asked day by day.
 
-A window's *partial* edge months are asked for whole, too, once the window
-covers ``ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS`` or more of their days, and the answer is
-trimmed back to the window's days. A scoreboard's default fortnight either side
-of today (29 days, two partial months) was 29 day requests per league; it is
-now 2. Trimming needs ESPN's "game day", which is the event's start in US
-Eastern time -- checked against the live API on 2026-10-03: 417 of 417 soccer
-events across five leagues and three months (one of them spanning the end of
-daylight saving) came back from exactly the day query their Eastern date
-names. A short window (a live poll's one or two days) stays day by day, so it
-never downloads a whole month to read a day of it.
-
-Chunk requests share one process-wide budget of ``ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS`` in
-flight, however many windows are being fetched at once. Each window used to get
-its own six, so a scoreboard starting eight leagues -- each with a recent and
-an upcoming manager -- had ~40 requests in flight, every one beyond a session's
-pool a new connection and a new DNS lookup. On a Pi whose resolver could not
-keep up, that was ~90 ``NameResolutionError`` lines within a minute of every
-start.
-
 Once a range has been rejected, later ranges skip straight to chunks for
 ``RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS`` instead of spending a doomed request first -- live
 scoreboards ask every 30 seconds. After that the range is tried again, so the
-workaround retires itself if ESPN reverts. A process starts inside that
-period, as if a range had just been rejected.
+workaround retires itself if ESPN reverts.
 
 ONE CACHE KEY PER SCOREBOARD
 ----------------------------
@@ -75,7 +55,7 @@ import re
 import threading
 import time
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, tzinfo
+from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
 from functools import partial
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, cast
 
@@ -120,54 +100,16 @@ RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS = 6 * 60 * 60
 # pool_maxsize of 10 so the shared Session never has to discard connections.
 ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS = 6
 
-#: An edge month the window covers at least this many days of is asked for
-#: whole and trimmed, instead of one request per day (see module docstring).
-#: Below it the days are cheaper than the month: a whole month is two to
-#: three times the bytes of the half of it a fortnight window holds.
-ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS = 7
-
-# Every chunk request in the process holds one of these while it is in flight
-# -- the cap is per process, not per window (see module docstring).
-_chunk_slots = threading.BoundedSemaphore(ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS)
-
-
-def _eastern_zone() -> Optional[tzinfo]:
-    """US Eastern, the zone ESPN's ``dates=YYYYMMDD`` means, or None when
-    this Python has no time zone data (no edge month is trimmed then)."""
-    try:
-        from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
-        return ZoneInfo("America/New_York")
-    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - no zoneinfo module or no tz database
-        pass
-    try:
-        import pytz
-        return cast(tzinfo, pytz.timezone("America/New_York"))
-    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
-        return None
-
-
-_EASTERN = _eastern_zone()
-
-# What _fetch_one_chunk returns for a month that came back at the cap.
-_CAPPED: Any = object()
-
 _range_lock = threading.Lock()
-# A process starts out assuming ranges are still rejected, as they have been
-# since 2026-09-15, and tries one again RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS in. Starting
-# from "unknown" cost one doomed range request per window at every start --
-# eleven 400s at once from a soccer board, each fetching before any had
-# answered -- to learn what every start learns.
-_ranges_rejected_until = time.monotonic() + RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS
+_ranges_rejected_until = 0.0
 
 __all__ = [
     "ESPN_MAX_LIMIT",
     "ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS",
-    "ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS",
     "RANGE_RETRY_SECONDS",
     "clamp_espn_limit",
     "parse_espn_date_range",
     "espn_date_chunks",
-    "espn_request_chunks",
     "merge_scoreboard_payloads",
     "fetch_espn_date_chunks",
     "fetch_espn_scoreboard",
@@ -278,79 +220,6 @@ def espn_date_chunks(start: date, end: date) -> List[str]:
     return chunks
 
 
-def espn_request_chunks(
-    start: date,
-    end: date,
-    month_cover_min_days: Optional[int] = None,
-) -> List[Tuple[str, Optional[Tuple[date, date]]]]:
-    """The requests that fetch ``[start, end]``, as ``(dates, trim)`` pairs.
-
-    :func:`espn_date_chunks`, except that a partial edge month with
-    ``month_cover_min_days`` (default ``ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS``) or more
-    of its days in the window becomes one ``YYYYMM`` request whose ``trim``
-    is the first and last of those days: its events that start outside them
-    (US Eastern) are dropped. ``trim`` is None for every other request.
-    Without time zone data nothing can be trimmed, so the edge days stay day
-    requests.
-    """
-    if month_cover_min_days is None:
-        month_cover_min_days = ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS
-    planned: List[Tuple[str, Optional[Tuple[date, date]]]] = []
-    run: List[str] = []
-
-    def flush() -> None:
-        if (_EASTERN is not None and month_cover_min_days > 0
-                and len(run) >= month_cover_min_days):
-            planned.append((run[0][:6], (_parse_day(run[0]), _parse_day(run[-1]))))
-        else:
-            planned.extend((day, None) for day in run)
-        run.clear()
-
-    for chunk in espn_date_chunks(start, end):
-        if run and (len(chunk) != 8 or chunk[:6] != run[0][:6]):
-            flush()
-        if len(chunk) == 8:
-            run.append(chunk)
-        else:
-            planned.append((chunk, None))
-    flush()
-    return planned
-
-
-def _parse_day(text: str) -> date:
-    return date(int(text[:4]), int(text[4:6]), int(text[6:8]))
-
-
-def _eastern_day(stamp: Any) -> Optional[date]:
-    """The US Eastern date of an ESPN event ``date`` ("2026-10-10T11:30Z"),
-    or None when it cannot be read."""
-    if not isinstance(stamp, str) or _EASTERN is None:
-        return None
-    try:
-        moment = datetime.fromisoformat(stamp.strip().replace("Z", "+00:00"))
-    except ValueError:
-        return None
-    if moment.tzinfo is None:
-        return None
-    return moment.astimezone(_EASTERN).date()
-
-
-def _trim_to_days(payload: Any, first: date, last: date) -> Any:
-    """Drop the events of a month payload that start outside ``[first, last]``
-    (US Eastern). An event whose date cannot be read is kept: its day query
-    might well have returned it, and a game is never dropped on a guess.
-    """
-    if not isinstance(payload, dict) or not isinstance(payload.get("events"), list):
-        return payload
-    kept = []
-    for event in payload["events"]:
-        day = _eastern_day(event.get("date")) if isinstance(event, dict) else None
-        if day is None or first <= day <= last:
-            kept.append(event)
-    payload["events"] = kept
-    return payload
-
-
 def merge_scoreboard_payloads(payloads: List[Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """Fold chunk responses into one scoreboard payload.
 
@@ -381,54 +250,37 @@ def merge_scoreboard_payloads(payloads: List[Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 def _fetch_one_chunk(
     session, url: str, params: Dict[str, Any], headers, timeout, logger, chunk: str,
     cache_max_age: Optional[float] = None,
-    trims: Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[date, date]]] = None,
-) -> Any:
+) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
     """GET a single ``dates=`` chunk, or None when it failed.
 
     One bad chunk must not sink the rest of the season, so every error is
     logged and swallowed here rather than raised to the gather below.
-
-    A month that comes back at the cap is truncated: it returns ``_CAPPED``,
-    its payload dropped here before it is ever held beside the others. A
-    month in ``trims`` loses its events outside the days given there.
-
-    The request holds one of the process-wide ``_chunk_slots`` while it runs.
     """
     try:
-        with _chunk_slots:
-            response = fetch_get(
-                session,
-                url,
-                params=dict(params, dates=chunk, limit=ESPN_MAX_LIMIT),
-                headers=headers,
-                timeout=timeout,
-                **_memo_kwargs(cache_max_age),
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            payload = response_json(response)
+        response = fetch_get(
+            session,
+            url,
+            params=dict(params, dates=chunk, limit=ESPN_MAX_LIMIT),
+            headers=headers,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            **_memo_kwargs(cache_max_age),
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        return cast(Optional[Dict[str, Any]], response_json(response))
     except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 - see docstring
         if logger:
             logger.warning("ESPN chunk %s failed, skipping it: %s", chunk, exc)
         return None
-    if len(chunk) == 6 and isinstance(payload, dict):
-        if len(payload.get("events") or []) >= ESPN_MAX_LIMIT:
-            return _CAPPED
-        trim = (trims or {}).get(chunk)
-        if trim is not None:
-            payload = _trim_to_days(payload, *trim)
-    return payload
 
 
 def _fetch_chunks(
     session, url: str, params: Dict[str, Any], headers, timeout, logger,
     chunks: List[str], cache_max_age: Optional[float] = None,
-    trims: Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[date, date]]] = None,
-) -> List[Any]:
+) -> List[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Fetch every chunk, returning payloads positionally aligned with ``chunks``.
 
     Requests go out ``ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS`` at a time because a cold season is
-    over a hundred of them -- and no more than that across every window the
-    process is fetching, which ``_fetch_one_chunk``'s slot enforces. The order they come back in is not significant --
+    over a hundred of them. The order they come back in is not significant --
     callers keep ``chunks`` order from the returned list -- but it does mean
     the session is shared across threads, which is why this only ever issues
     GETs and never touches session state.
@@ -441,7 +293,7 @@ def _fetch_chunks(
         return []
     fetch = partial(
         _fetch_one_chunk, session, url, params, headers, timeout, logger,
-        cache_max_age=cache_max_age, trims=trims,
+        cache_max_age=cache_max_age,
     )
     if len(chunks) == 1:
         return [fetch(chunks[0])]
@@ -488,9 +340,7 @@ def fetch_espn_date_chunks(
     if span is None:
         return None
 
-    planned = espn_request_chunks(*span)
-    chunks = [chunk for chunk, _ in planned]
-    trims = {chunk: trim for chunk, trim in planned if trim is not None}
+    chunks = espn_date_chunks(*span)
     if logger:
         logger.debug(
             "Fetching ESPN date range %s as %d month/day chunks",
@@ -499,31 +349,32 @@ def fetch_espn_date_chunks(
 
     results = _fetch_chunks(
         session, url, params, headers, timeout, logger, chunks, cache_max_age,
-        trims,
     )
     attempted = len(chunks)
 
-    # A month that came back at the cap is truncated; its days (only the
-    # window's, for a trimmed edge month) replace it in place, so merged
-    # events stay in chunk order however the requests raced. Its payload was
-    # already dropped in the worker: a capped college-baseball month is ~2MB
-    # of parsed JSON, and holding four of them through ~120 day requests added
-    # ~25MB to the peak -- more than the concurrency itself. Low-memory boards
-    # (docs/LOW_MEMORY_BOARDS.md) have under 200MB of headroom.
+    # A month that came back at the cap is truncated; its days replace it in
+    # place, so merged events stay in chunk order however the requests raced.
     slots: List[Any] = results
     capped: Dict[int, List[str]] = {}
     for index, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
-        if slots[index] is not _CAPPED:
+        payload = slots[index]
+        if payload is None or len(chunk) != 6:
             continue
-        if logger:
-            logger.info(
-                "ESPN month %s hit the %d-event cap; re-asking it day by day",
-                chunk, ESPN_MAX_LIMIT,
-            )
-        trim = trims.get(chunk)
-        capped[index] = (_days_of_month(chunk) if trim is None
-                         else espn_date_chunks(*trim))
-        slots[index] = None
+        events = payload.get("events") if isinstance(payload, dict) else None
+        if len(events or []) >= ESPN_MAX_LIMIT:
+            if logger:
+                logger.info(
+                    "ESPN month %s hit the %d-event cap; re-asking it day by day",
+                    chunk, ESPN_MAX_LIMIT,
+                )
+            capped[index] = _days_of_month(chunk)
+            # Drop the truncated month now rather than after its days arrive:
+            # a capped college-baseball month is ~2MB of parsed JSON, and
+            # holding four of them through ~120 day requests added ~25MB to
+            # the peak -- more than the concurrency itself. Low-memory boards
+            # (docs/LOW_MEMORY_BOARDS.md) have under 200MB of headroom.
+            slots[index] = None
+    payload = events = None
 
     if capped:
         days = [day for index in sorted(capped) for day in capped[index]]

test/test_api_v3_status_accuracy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+"""Four web answers that disagreed with the rig they describe (found on ledpi).
+
+1. POST /config/schedule refused the schedule GET returns on a fresh install
+   (config.template.json: per-day, every day off, schedule disabled) with
+   "At least one day must be enabled", as did /config/dim-schedule. A
+   disabled schedule needs no enabled day.
+2. A brightness-only POST /config/main answered ``restart_required: true``,
+   though the display applies brightness live (brightness.set over the
+   socket, and the config watcher). The flag now says whether anything
+   changed that the running display does not pick up by itself.
+3. /health stayed "healthy" with the display service stopped: only the
+   sub-checks changed. Service inactive, no socket and no live heartbeat
+   is now ``display_loop: stopped`` and "degraded".
+4. /display/current-status kept answering ``is_display_active: true`` from
+   the cache for up to 120 s after the display stopped. With no socket and
+   no live heartbeat it is now unknown.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from test._api_v3_test_helpers import api_v3_client, api_v3_module  # noqa: F401,E402
+
+from src import display_watchdog  # noqa: E402
+from src.ipc import client as control_client  # noqa: E402
+from web_interface import display_state  # noqa: E402
+
+REPO = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+TEMPLATE = json.loads((REPO / 'config' / 'config.template.json').read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def store(api_v3_module, monkeypatch):
+    state = {'config': {}, 'saves': 0}
+    api_v3_module.api_v3.config_manager.load_config.side_effect = \
+        lambda *a, **k: copy.deepcopy(state['config'])
+
+    def fake_save(_manager, config, **_kwargs):
+        state['config'] = copy.deepcopy(config)
+        state['saves'] += 1
+        return True, ''
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(api_v3_module, '_save_config_atomic', fake_save)
+    return state
+
+
+# --- 1. schedules ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SCHEDULE_ROUTES = [('/api/v3/config/schedule', 'schedule'),
+                   ('/api/v3/config/dim-schedule', 'dim_schedule')]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('route,section', SCHEDULE_ROUTES)
+def test_the_templates_disabled_per_day_schedule_saves_back(api_v3_client, store,
+                                                            route, section):
+    stored = copy.deepcopy(TEMPLATE[section])
+    stored['mode'] = 'per-day'
+    assert stored['enabled'] is False
+    assert not any(day['enabled'] for day in stored['days'].values())
+    store['config'] = {section: copy.deepcopy(stored)}
+
+    read = api_v3_client.get(route).get_json()['data']
+    resp = api_v3_client.post(route, json=read)
+
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.get_json()
+    saved = store['config'][section]
+    assert saved['enabled'] is False and saved['mode'] == 'per-day'
+    # The disabled days keep their times: switching one on finds them.
+    assert saved['days'] == stored['days']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('route,section', SCHEDULE_ROUTES)
+def test_an_enabled_per_day_schedule_still_needs_a_day(api_v3_client, store, route, section):
+    body = copy.deepcopy(TEMPLATE[section])
+    body.update(enabled=True, mode='per-day')
+    resp = api_v3_client.post(route, json=body)
+    assert resp.status_code == 400
+    assert 'At least one day must be enabled' in resp.get_json()['message']
+    assert store['saves'] == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('route', [r for r, _ in SCHEDULE_ROUTES])
+def test_the_pickers_form_post_with_every_day_off_saves(api_v3_client, store, route):
+    """What schedule-picker.js posts: flat hidden inputs, booleans as strings,
+    times for every day."""
+    body = {'enabled': 'false', 'mode': 'per_day', 'start_time': '07:00', 'end_time': '23:00'}
+    for day in ('monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday', 'friday', 'saturday', 'sunday'):
+        body.update({f'{day}_enabled': 'false', f'{day}_start': '06:30', f'{day}_end': '22:15'})
+    resp = api_v3_client.post(route, json=body)
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.get_json()
+
+
+def test_an_invalid_time_on_a_disabled_day_is_dropped_not_refused(api_v3_client, store):
+    body = {'enabled': False, 'mode': 'per-day',
+            'days': {'monday': {'enabled': False, 'start_time': 'soon', 'end_time': '22:00'}}}
+    resp = api_v3_client.post('/api/v3/config/schedule', json=body)
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.get_json()
+    assert store['config']['schedule']['days']['monday'] == {'enabled': False,
+                                                             'end_time': '22:00'}
+
+
+# --- 2. restart_required on /config/main ------------------------------------------
+
+STORED_MAIN = {
+    'timezone': 'America/Chicago',
+    'display': {
+        'hardware': {'rows': 32, 'cols': 64, 'chain_length': 2, 'brightness': 90,
+                     'disable_hardware_pulsing': False, 'inverse_colors': False,
+                     'show_refresh_rate': False},
+        'runtime': {'gpio_slowdown': 4},
+        'display_durations': {'clock': 15},
+        'use_short_date_format': False,
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def main_store(store):
+    store['config'] = copy.deepcopy(STORED_MAIN)
+    return store
+
+
+def _save_main(client, body):
+    with patch('web_interface.blueprints.api_v3.control_client.brightness_set',
+               side_effect=control_client.ControlError('no_socket', 'x')):
+        resp = client.post('/api/v3/config/main', data=json.dumps(body),
+                           content_type='application/json')
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.get_json()
+    return resp.get_json()
+
+
+def test_a_brightness_only_save_needs_no_restart(api_v3_client, main_store):
+    body = _save_main(api_v3_client, {'brightness': 40})
+    assert main_store['config']['display']['hardware']['brightness'] == 40
+    assert body['restart_required'] is False
+
+
+def test_a_brightness_save_on_a_config_without_a_display_section(api_v3_client, store):
+    """The route creates display.hardware and display.runtime on the way;
+    empty sections are not a change."""
+    store['config'] = {}
+    assert _save_main(api_v3_client, {'brightness': 40})['restart_required'] is False
+
+
+def test_the_display_form_with_only_brightness_changed_needs_no_restart(api_v3_client,
+                                                                       main_store):
+    hw = STORED_MAIN['display']['hardware']
+    body = {'__form_section': 'display', 'rows': 32, 'cols': 64, 'chain_length': 2,
+            'brightness': 55, 'gpio_slowdown': 4}
+    body.update({k: 'on' for k in ('disable_hardware_pulsing', 'inverse_colors',
+                                   'show_refresh_rate') if hw[k]})
+    assert _save_main(api_v3_client, body)['restart_required'] is False
+
+
+def test_a_mode_duration_needs_no_restart(api_v3_client, main_store):
+    body = _save_main(api_v3_client, {'duration__clock': 40})
+    assert main_store['config']['display']['display_durations']['clock'] == 40
+    assert body['restart_required'] is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('change', [{'rows': 64}, {'brightness': 40, 'chain_length': 3},
+                                    {'gpio_slowdown': 2}, {'timezone': 'UTC'}])
+def test_a_setting_the_display_reads_at_startup_still_needs_one(api_v3_client, main_store,
+                                                                change):
+    assert _save_main(api_v3_client, change)['restart_required'] is True
+
+
+def test_restart_needed_compares_leaves():
+    from web_interface.blueprints.api_v3.config import restart_needed
+    before = {'display': {'hardware': {'brightness': 90, 'rows': 32}}}
+    assert not restart_needed(before, copy.deepcopy(before))
+    assert not restart_needed(before, {'display': {'hardware': {'brightness': 10, 'rows': 32},
+                                                   'runtime': {}}})
+    assert restart_needed(before, {'display': {'hardware': {'brightness': 90}}})  # removed
+    assert not restart_needed({}, {'clock': {'enabled': True}}, live_paths=[('clock',)])
+    assert restart_needed({}, {'clockwork': {'enabled': True}}, live_paths=[('clock',)])
+
+
+# --- 3 and 4. a stopped display -----------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def no_display(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    """A Pi whose display service has stopped: the socket is expected here
+    but does not answer, and systemd took the heartbeat's directory away."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'socket_supported', lambda: True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'client_socket_paths', lambda: [str(tmp_path / 'gone')])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'read_state', lambda: None)
+    path = tmp_path / 'display-heartbeat.json'
+    monkeypatch.setattr(display_watchdog, 'HEARTBEAT_PATH', str(path))
+
+    def beat(age, pid=None):
+        path.write_text(json.dumps({'pid': os.getpid() if pid is None else pid,
+                                    'mono': time.monotonic() - age,
+                                    'wall': time.time() - age}))
+    return beat
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def service(monkeypatch):
+    status = {'active': False, 'returncode': 3, 'stdout': 'inactive', 'stderr': ''}
+    monkeypatch.setattr('web_interface.blueprints.api_v3.misc._get_display_service_status',
+                        lambda: dict(status))
+    return status
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fresh_preview(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """The preview frame the display left behind, under 60 s old: on its own
+    it kept the hardware check "connected"."""
+    from web_interface import display_preview
+    snapshot = tmp_path / 'preview.png'
+    snapshot.write_bytes(b'png')
+    monkeypatch.setattr(display_preview, 'SNAPSHOT_PATH', str(snapshot))
+
+
+def _health(client):
+    resp = client.get('/api/v3/health')
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.get_json()
+    return resp.get_json()['data']
+
+
+class TestHealth:
+    def test_a_stopped_display_service_is_degraded(self, api_v3_client, no_display, service,
+                                                   fresh_preview):
+        data = _health(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['services']['display_service']['status'] == 'inactive'
+        assert data['checks']['display_loop']['status'] == 'stopped'
+        assert data['status'] == 'degraded'
+
+    def test_a_service_still_starting_is_not(self, api_v3_client, no_display, service,
+                                             fresh_preview):
+        """Active, before its socket and first heartbeat: not stopped."""
+        service.update(active=True, stdout='active', returncode=0)
+        data = _health(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['checks']['display_loop']['status'] == 'not_reported'
+        assert data['status'] == 'healthy'
+
+    def test_a_display_run_by_hand_is_not_stopped(self, api_v3_client, no_display, service,
+                                                  fresh_preview):
+        """The service is off but a display process beats (sudo python3 run.py)."""
+        no_display(age=2)
+        data = _health(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['checks']['display_loop']['status'] == 'running'
+        assert data['status'] == 'healthy'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('platform', ['no_unix_sockets', 'socket_off'])
+    def test_without_a_socket_to_expect_nothing_changes(self, api_v3_client, no_display,
+                                                        service, fresh_preview, monkeypatch,
+                                                        platform):
+        """Windows and the dev server (no systemd unit), or the socket
+        deliberately off: no heartbeat is no signal, as before."""
+        if platform == 'no_unix_sockets':
+            monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'socket_supported', lambda: False)
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'client_socket_paths', lambda: [])
+        service.update(returncode=-1, stdout='', stderr='systemctl not found')
+        data = _health(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['checks']['display_loop']['status'] == 'not_reported'
+        assert data['status'] == 'healthy'
+
+    def test_the_status_only_answer_says_degraded(self, api_v3_client, no_display, service,
+                                                  fresh_preview, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr('web_interface.blueprints.api_v3.misc.request_is_authenticated',
+                            lambda: False)
+        resp = api_v3_client.get('/api/v3/health')
+        assert resp.get_json()['data'] == {'status': 'degraded'}
+
+
+class TestCurrentStatus:
+    CACHED = {'mode': 'clock', 'plugin_id': 'clock', 'is_display_active': True,
+              'on_demand_active': False, 'last_updated': None}
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def cached(self, api_v3_module):
+        entry = dict(self.CACHED, last_updated=time.time() - 30)
+        cache = api_v3_module.api_v3.cache_manager
+        cache.get.side_effect = lambda key, *a, **kw: (
+            dict(entry) if key == 'display_current_state' else None)
+        return entry
+
+    def _status(self, client):
+        resp = client.get('/api/v3/display/current-status')
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        return resp.get_json()['data']
+
+    def test_a_stopped_display_is_not_reported_active(self, api_v3_client, no_display, cached):
+        data = self._status(api_v3_client)
+        assert not data.get('is_display_active')
+        assert data['mode'] is None and data['last_updated'] is None
+        assert data['source'] == 'cache'
+
+    def test_a_stale_heartbeat_is_not_active_either(self, api_v3_client, no_display, cached):
+        no_display(age=display_watchdog.HEARTBEAT_STALE_SECONDS + 5)
+        assert self._status(api_v3_client)['mode'] is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != 'posix', reason='process_exists answers only on POSIX')
+    def test_a_heartbeat_from_a_dead_process_is_not_active(self, api_v3_client, no_display,
+                                                           cached):
+        no_display(age=1, pid=2 ** 22 + 12345)
+        assert self._status(api_v3_client)['mode'] is None
+
+    def test_a_live_heartbeat_without_a_socket_reads_the_cache(self, api_v3_client,
+                                                               no_display, cached):
+        """An older display with no socket, still running."""
+        no_display(age=2)
+        data = self._status(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['mode'] == 'clock' and data['is_display_active'] is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('platform', ['no_unix_sockets', 'socket_off'])
+    def test_without_a_socket_to_expect_the_cache_answers(self, api_v3_client, no_display,
+                                                          cached, monkeypatch, platform):
+        if platform == 'no_unix_sockets':
+            monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'socket_supported', lambda: False)
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setattr(display_state, 'client_socket_paths', lambda: [])
+        data = self._status(api_v3_client)
+        assert data['mode'] == 'clock' and data['is_display_active'] is True

test/test_espn_dates.py

@@ -489,171 +489,3 @@ class TestConcurrency:
 
         assert live["peak"] <= espn_dates.ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS
         assert live["peak"] > 1, "chunks should actually overlap"
-
-
-class TestEdgeMonths:
-    """A window's partial edge months are asked whole and trimmed.
-
-    The default scoreboard window -- a fortnight either side of today -- spans
-    two partial months, so it used to cost 29 day requests per league. ESPN's
-    ``dates=YYYYMMDD`` means a US Eastern day (verified against the live API
-    on 2026-10-03, 417 of 417 soccer events), so a month answer trimmed to
-    the window's Eastern days is what the day requests returned.
-    """
-
-    def test_a_fortnight_either_side_is_two_requests(self):
-        planned = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 9, 20), date(2026, 10, 18))
-        assert planned == [
-            ("202609", (date(2026, 9, 20), date(2026, 9, 30))),
-            ("202610", (date(2026, 10, 1), date(2026, 10, 18))),
-        ]
-
-    def test_a_live_polls_two_days_stay_two_days(self):
-        planned = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 10, 2), date(2026, 10, 3))
-        assert planned == [("20261002", None), ("20261003", None)]
-
-    def test_the_threshold_is_inclusive(self):
-        n = espn_dates.ESPN_MONTH_COVER_MIN_DAYS
-        short = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 10, 1), date(2026, 10, n - 1))
-        assert [chunk for chunk, _ in short] == [
-            "202610%02d" % day for day in range(1, n)]
-        enough = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 10, 1), date(2026, 10, n))
-        assert enough == [("202610", (date(2026, 10, 1), date(2026, 10, n)))]
-
-    def test_whole_months_and_short_edges_are_unchanged(self):
-        planned = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 8, 30), date(2026, 10, 2))
-        assert planned == [
-            ("20260830", None), ("20260831", None), ("202609", None),
-            ("20261001", None), ("20261002", None),
-        ]
-
-    def test_without_time_zone_data_edges_stay_days(self, monkeypatch):
-        monkeypatch.setattr(espn_dates, "_EASTERN", None)
-        planned = espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(date(2026, 9, 20), date(2026, 10, 18))
-        assert len(planned) == 29
-        assert all(trim is None for _, trim in planned)
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("start,end", [
-        (date(2026, 9, 20), date(2026, 10, 18)),
-        (date(2026, 1, 25), date(2026, 3, 3)),
-        (date(2026, 12, 20), date(2027, 1, 9)),
-        (date(2026, 10, 5), date(2026, 10, 9)),
-    ])
-    def test_the_planned_requests_still_cover_every_day_exactly_once(self, start, end):
-        covered = []
-        for chunk, trim in espn_dates.espn_request_chunks(start, end):
-            if trim is None:
-                covered.extend(days_covered_by([chunk]))
-            else:
-                assert chunk == trim[0].strftime("%Y%m") == trim[1].strftime("%Y%m")
-                covered.extend(trim[0] + timedelta(days=offset)
-                               for offset in range((trim[1] - trim[0]).days + 1))
-        expected = [start + timedelta(days=offset) for offset in range((end - start).days + 1)]
-        assert covered == expected
-
-    def test_a_trimmed_month_keeps_only_the_windows_eastern_days(self):
-        september = [
-            # 03:30Z on the 20th is still the 19th in New York: outside.
-            {"id": "before", "date": "2026-09-20T03:30Z"},
-            {"id": "first", "date": "2026-09-20T14:00Z"},
-            {"id": "late", "date": "2026-09-30T23:30Z"},
-        ]
-        october = [
-            {"id": "oct1", "date": "2026-10-01T19:00Z"},
-            # 03:30Z on the 19th is the evening of the 18th in New York: inside.
-            {"id": "last", "date": "2026-10-19T03:30Z"},
-            {"id": "after", "date": "2026-10-19T14:00Z"},
-            {"id": "undated"},
-        ]
-        session = FakeSession({"202609": september, "202610": october})
-
-        data = fetch_espn_date_chunks(session, URL, params={"dates": "20260920-20261018"})
-
-        assert sorted(call["dates"] for call in session.calls) == ["202609", "202610"]
-        # An event with no readable date is kept, never dropped on a guess.
-        assert [e["id"] for e in data["events"]] == ["first", "late", "oct1", "last", "undated"]
-
-    def test_eastern_standard_time_is_honoured_after_the_clocks_change(self):
-        # 2026-11-01 ends daylight saving: Eastern is UTC-5 from then on.
-        november = [
-            {"id": "out", "date": "2026-11-15T04:30Z"},  # Nov 14, 23:30 EST
-            {"id": "in", "date": "2026-11-15T05:30Z"},   # Nov 15, 00:30 EST
-        ]
-        session = FakeSession({"202611": november})
-        data = fetch_espn_date_chunks(session, URL, params={"dates": "20261115-20261121"})
-        assert [e["id"] for e in data["events"]] == ["in"]
-
-    def test_a_capped_edge_month_re_asks_only_the_windows_days(self):
-        full = [{"id": "cap%d" % i, "date": "2026-10-05T18:00Z"} for i in range(ESPN_MAX_LIMIT)]
-        by_chunk = {"202610": full}
-        by_chunk.update({"202610%02d" % day: [{"id": "o%02d" % day}] for day in range(1, 32)})
-        session = FakeSession(by_chunk)
-
-        data = fetch_espn_date_chunks(session, URL, params={"dates": "20261001-20261010"})
-
-        sent = [call["dates"] for call in session.calls]
-        assert sent[0] == "202610"
-        assert sorted(sent[1:]) == ["202610%02d" % day for day in range(1, 11)]
-        assert [e["id"] for e in data["events"]] == ["o%02d" % day for day in range(1, 11)]
-
-
-class TestProcessWideChunkCap:
-    """The chunk cap holds across windows, not per window.
-
-    A soccer board starting eight leagues fetches sixteen windows at once.
-    With a pool of ``ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS`` each, ~40 requests were in flight
-    and every one past a session's pool opened a connection -- and a DNS
-    lookup. On ledpi that was ~90 NameResolutionErrors per start.
-    """
-
-    def test_concurrent_windows_share_one_budget(self):
-        live = {"now": 0, "peak": 0}
-        guard = threading.Lock()
-
-        class CountingSession(FakeSession):
-            def get(self, url, params=None, headers=None, timeout=None):
-                with guard:
-                    live["now"] += 1
-                    live["peak"] = max(live["peak"], live["now"])
-                try:
-                    time.sleep(0.01)
-                    return super().get(url, params=params, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
-                finally:
-                    with guard:
-                        live["now"] -= 1
-
-        sessions = [CountingSession() for _ in range(6)]
-        # Six leagues, so the fetch service cannot merge them into one, on a
-        # host with no token bucket: earlier tests may have spent ESPN's
-        # burst, and a bucket paced at 20/s would serialise these by itself.
-        threads = [
-            threading.Thread(target=fetch_espn_date_chunks,
-                             args=(session, "https://scores.example.test/league%d" % index),
-                             kwargs={"params": {"dates": "20260101-20261231"}})
-            for index, session in enumerate(sessions)
-        ]
-        for thread in threads:
-            thread.start()
-        for thread in threads:
-            thread.join(timeout=30)
-
-        assert all(len(session.calls) == 12 for session in sessions)
-        assert live["peak"] <= espn_dates.ESPN_CHUNK_WORKERS
-        assert live["peak"] > 1, "chunks should still overlap"
-
-
-def test_a_fresh_process_skips_the_doomed_range_request():
-    """Every start used to spend one 400 per window learning that ranges are
-    still rejected -- eleven at once from a soccer board. A new process now
-    starts inside the retry period instead."""
-    import subprocess
-    import sys
-    from pathlib import Path
-
-    out = subprocess.run(
-        [sys.executable, "-c",
-         "import src.common.espn_dates as e; print(e._ranges_known_rejected())"],
-        cwd=str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]),
-        capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60,
-    )
-    assert out.stdout.strip() == "True", out.stderr

test/test_fetch_service.py

@@ -670,14 +670,14 @@ class TestCallerIdentity:
         assert _counters(global_service, plugin="football-scoreboard")["requests"] == 1
 
     def test_espn_chunks_on_worker_threads_count_against_the_caller(self, global_service):
-        from src.common.espn_dates import espn_request_chunks, fetch_espn_date_chunks, parse_espn_date_range
+        from src.common.espn_dates import espn_date_chunks, fetch_espn_date_chunks, parse_espn_date_range
 
         session = FakeSession(lambda url, kw: make_response(body=b'{"events": []}', url=url))
         dates = "20260801-20261015"
         with plugin_scope("baseball-scoreboard"):
             fetch_espn_date_chunks(session, "https://site.api.espn.com/s/scoreboard",
                                    params={"dates": dates})
-        chunks = len(espn_request_chunks(*parse_espn_date_range(dates)))
+        chunks = len(espn_date_chunks(*parse_espn_date_range(dates)))
         assert chunks > 1
         assert len(session.calls) == chunks
         assert _counters(global_service, plugin="baseball-scoreboard")["requests"] == chunks

test/test_state_stream_readers.py

@@ -612,6 +612,12 @@ class TestEndToEnd:
         cached['display_current_state'] = {'mode': 'from-cache', 'last_updated': 1}
         path = str(tmp_path / 'control.sock')
         monkeypatch.setenv(c.SOCKET_PATH_ENV, path)
+        # The display is this process, and its render loop is beating: the
+        # cache is then still its answer once the socket goes.
+        heartbeat = tmp_path / 'display-heartbeat.json'
+        heartbeat.write_text(json.dumps({'pid': os.getpid(), 'mono': time.monotonic(),
+                                         'wall': time.time()}))
+        monkeypatch.setattr(display_watchdog, 'HEARTBEAT_PATH', str(heartbeat))
         hub = _hub_with_everything()
         server = ControlServer(path, state_hub=hub, keepalive=0.2)
         assert server.start()
@@ -638,3 +644,8 @@ class TestEndToEnd:
                 break
             time.sleep(0.05)
         assert (data['mode'], data['source']) == ('from-cache', 'cache')
+        # Stopped: systemd takes the heartbeat's directory with it, and the
+        # cache's last answer is no longer anyone's.
+        heartbeat.unlink()
+        data = _data(client, '/api/v3/display/current-status')
+        assert (data['mode'], data['source']) == (None, 'cache')

test/web_interface/test_web_process_runs_no_plugin_code.py

@@ -221,7 +221,9 @@ class TestTheWebProcessNeverRunsAPlugin:
     def test_saving_its_section_through_the_main_config(self, web):
         body = web.post("/api/v3/config/main", {PLUGIN_ID: {"message": "via main"}})
         assert web.stored()["message"] == "via main"
-        assert body["restart_required"] is True
+        # The display's config watcher hands the section to the running
+        # plugin (on_config_change), as for /plugins/config: no restart.
+        assert body["restart_required"] is False
         assert web.ran() == []
 
     def test_resetting_its_config(self, web):

web_interface/blueprints/api_v3/config.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ from src.pi5_matrix_support import is_raspberry_pi_5
 from web_interface.cache import invalidate_cache
 from web_interface.auth import SECTION as _WEB_AUTH_SECTION, strip_auth_section
 import web_interface.blueprints.api_v3 as _pkg
+import copy
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Tuple
 
 # Read through the module rather than bound by value: tests patch these
 # as module attributes, and a value binding would not see the patch.
@@ -33,6 +35,50 @@ FORM_SECTION_FIELD = '__form_section'
 GENERAL_FIELDS = ('timezone', 'city', 'state', 'country', 'web_display_autostart',
                   'plugins_directory', 'auto_update_enabled', 'auto_update_channel')
 
+#: Settings in config.json the running display applies without a restart,
+#: as key paths (a path covers everything under it). Brightness goes over the
+#: control socket (brightness.set) and the config watcher's refresh
+#: (DisplayController._refresh_config_cache); the per-mode durations are read
+#: from the live config each time a mode starts (_get_display_duration).
+#: Plugin sections are live as well (each plugin's on_config_change), and
+#: save_main_config adds the ones a request saves.
+LIVE_CONFIG_PATHS: Tuple[Tuple[str, ...], ...] = (
+    ('display', 'hardware', 'brightness'),
+    ('display', 'display_durations'),
+)
+
+
+_MISSING = object()
+
+
+def _config_leaves(config: Any, prefix: Tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Any]:
+    """Every non-dict value in ``config``, by key path. An empty dict has none,
+    so a section created empty on the way to a field is not a change."""
+    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+        return {prefix: config}
+    leaves: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Any] = {}
+    for key, value in config.items():
+        leaves.update(_config_leaves(value, prefix + (str(key),)))
+    return leaves
+
+
+def restart_needed(before: Dict[str, Any], after: Dict[str, Any],
+                   live_paths: Iterable[Tuple[str, ...]] = LIVE_CONFIG_PATHS) -> bool:
+    """Does going from config ``before`` to ``after`` need a display restart?
+
+    True when anything changed outside ``live_paths``. A save that changes
+    only live settings, or nothing at all, does not.
+    """
+    live = tuple(live_paths)
+    old, new = _config_leaves(before), _config_leaves(after)
+    for path in set(old) | set(new):
+        if old.get(path, _MISSING) == new.get(path, _MISSING):
+            continue
+        if not any(path[:len(prefix)] == prefix for prefix in live):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
 #: Top-level fields save_main_config stores somewhere of its own (location,
 #: plugin_system, ...), never as a config key of the same name.
 _MAPPED_TOP_LEVEL_FIELDS = GENERAL_FIELDS + (
@@ -72,6 +118,22 @@ def _day_setting(data, day, flat_key, nested_key):
     return False, None
 
 
+def _disabled_day_times(data, day, start_key, end_key):
+    """The times posted for a day that is off, the valid ones.
+
+    Nothing reads them while the day is off, but the schedule picker posts
+    them and GET returns them, so keeping them means turning the day back on
+    finds what was there. An invalid one is dropped rather than refused, for
+    the same reason.
+    """
+    times = {}
+    for field, key in (('start_time', start_key), ('end_time', end_key)):
+        value = _day_setting(data, day, key, field)[1]
+        if value and _validate_time_format(value)[0]:
+            times[field] = value
+    return times
+
+
 @api_v3.route('/config/main', methods=['GET'])
 def get_main_config():
     """Get main configuration, with credentials redacted."""
@@ -257,11 +319,16 @@ def save_schedule_config():
 
                     day_config['start_time'] = start_time
                     day_config['end_time'] = end_time
+                else:
+                    day_config.update(_disabled_day_times(data, day, start_key, end_key))
 
                 schedule_config['days'][day] = day_config
 
-            # Validate that at least one day is enabled in per-day mode
-            if enabled_days_count == 0:
+            # An enabled per-day schedule needs a day to be on. A disabled
+            # one does not: every day off with the schedule off is what
+            # config.template.json ships, so refusing it meant a fresh
+            # install could not post back the schedule GET returned.
+            if enabled_days_count == 0 and enabled_value:
                 return error_response(
                     ErrorCode.VALIDATION_ERROR,
                     "At least one day must be enabled in per-day schedule mode",
@@ -465,11 +532,13 @@ def save_dim_schedule_config():
 
                     day_config['start_time'] = start_time
                     day_config['end_time'] = end_time
+                else:
+                    day_config.update(_disabled_day_times(data, day, start_key, end_key))
 
                 dim_schedule_config['days'][day] = day_config
 
-            # Validate that at least one day is enabled in per-day mode
-            if enabled_days_count == 0:
+            # As for the on/off schedule: only an enabled one needs a day on.
+            if enabled_days_count == 0 and enabled_value:
                 return error_response(
                     ErrorCode.VALIDATION_ERROR,
                     "At least one day must be enabled in per-day dim schedule mode",
@@ -553,6 +622,8 @@ def save_main_config():
 
         # Merge with existing config (similar to original implementation)
         current_config = api_v3.config_manager.load_config()
+        # What was stored, to tell which settings this save changed.
+        stored_config = copy.deepcopy(current_config)
         was_auto_update_enabled = bool((current_config.get('auto_update') or {}).get('enabled'))
 
         is_general_update = any(k in data for k in GENERAL_FIELDS)
@@ -1190,13 +1261,15 @@ def save_main_config():
                 message = f'{message}. {note}'
         except Exception:
             logger.warning("Automatic update setup could not be started", exc_info=True)
-        # Display hardware, rotation/durations and general settings take
-        # effect after a display restart; the UI shows its restart banner on
-        # this flag.
-        extra = {'restart_required': True}
-        # Brightness is the exception: the display applies a saved one
-        # without a restart. Over the control socket it lands at once,
-        # instead of when the config watcher next looks (up to ~2 s).
+        # Display hardware, rotation order and general settings take effect
+        # after a display restart; the UI shows its restart banner on this
+        # flag. Brightness, mode durations and plugin settings are applied by
+        # the running display (LIVE_CONFIG_PATHS), so a save that changed
+        # only those -- or nothing -- does not ask for one.
+        live_paths = LIVE_CONFIG_PATHS + tuple((plugin_id,) for plugin_id in plugin_keys_to_remove)
+        extra = {'restart_required': restart_needed(stored_config, current_config, live_paths)}
+        # Over the control socket a saved brightness lands at once, instead
+        # of when the config watcher next looks (up to ~2 s).
         if 'brightness' in data:
             saved = (current_config.get('display', {}).get('hardware', {}) or {}).get('brightness')
             if isinstance(saved, int) and not isinstance(saved, bool):

web_interface/blueprints/api_v3/display.py

@@ -340,15 +340,22 @@ def get_current_display_status():
     Read from the display's state stream over the control socket when it is
     available (``source: "socket"``). Otherwise from what the display
     publishes to the shared cache (display_controller._publish_current_mode_state)
-    when the active mode changes (``source: "cache"``).
+    when the active mode changes (``source: "cache"``). Unknown (every field
+    None) when the socket and the heartbeat both say the display is gone
+    (display_state.display_gone).
     """
-    state = display_state.current_status(display_state.read_state())
+    snapshot = display_state.read_state()
+    state = display_state.current_status(snapshot)
     source = 'socket'
     if state is None:
         source = 'cache'
-        cache = _cache_manager()
-        # memory_ttl=0: written by the display service; see get_on_demand_status.
-        state = cache.get('display_current_state', max_age=120, memory_ttl=0)
+        # A stopped display leaves its last answer in the cache, where it
+        # read as on (is_display_active: true) for the 120 s max_age. With
+        # no socket and no live heartbeat there is no display behind it.
+        if not display_state.display_gone(snapshot):
+            cache = _cache_manager()
+            # memory_ttl=0: written by the display service; see get_on_demand_status.
+            state = cache.get('display_current_state', max_age=120, memory_ttl=0)
     if state is None:
         state = {
             'mode': None,

web_interface/blueprints/api_v3/misc.py

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ def get_health():
         # the only signal, as it always was.
         # The display reports the same beat's age over the control socket's
         # state stream, measured in memory; the file is the fallback.
+        snapshot = None
         try:
             snapshot = display_state.read_state()
             if snapshot is not None:
@@ -132,6 +133,26 @@ def get_health():
                 'error': 'see logs for details'
             }
 
+        # A stopped display service. The heartbeat's absence alone says
+        # nothing (the dev server, the emulator and Windows write none), so
+        # the overall status stayed "healthy" with the display down until the
+        # last preview frame it left aged past 60 s (hardware: stale). Together
+        # the three signals are definite: systemd says the service is not
+        # active, the control socket does not answer, and there is no live
+        # heartbeat (display_state.display_gone, which is never true where
+        # the platform has no socket or it is switched off).
+        try:
+            if (not display_service_status.get('active')
+                    and display_state.display_gone(snapshot)):
+                health_status['checks']['display_loop'] = {
+                    'status': 'stopped',
+                    'note': 'The display service is not running',
+                    'source': 'service',
+                }
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning("Health check could not tell whether the display is stopped",
+                           exc_info=True)
+
         # Check hardware connectivity (if display manager available)
         try:
             snapshot_path = display_preview.SNAPSHOT_PATH

web_interface/display_state.py

@@ -133,6 +133,39 @@ def on_demand_state(snapshot: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
     return state
 
 
+def display_gone(snapshot: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
+    """Is there positively no display behind a fallback to the cache?
+
+    True only when the socket should be there (this platform has one and it
+    is not switched off) but gave no ``snapshot``, and the render loop's
+    heartbeat file says nothing is running either: it is absent (systemd
+    removes its directory when the service stops), stale, or written by a
+    process that no longer exists -- #726's rules for the runtime snapshot.
+    Then what the display last left in the cache is a dead process's answer.
+
+    False whenever the answer is in doubt: a snapshot came in, the socket is
+    off or unsupported (Windows, the test suite, a deliberate ``off``), or a
+    live heartbeat says the display is running without a socket (an older
+    display). Those read the cache exactly as before.
+    """
+    if snapshot is not None:
+        return False
+    if not socket_supported() or not client_socket_paths():
+        return False
+    from src import display_watchdog
+    from src.plugin_system.plugin_runtime import process_exists
+    heartbeat = display_watchdog.read_heartbeat(display_watchdog.HEARTBEAT_PATH)
+    if heartbeat is None:
+        return True
+    age = display_watchdog.heartbeat_age(heartbeat)
+    if age is None or age >= display_watchdog.HEARTBEAT_STALE_SECONDS:
+        return True
+    pid = heartbeat.get('pid')
+    if isinstance(pid, int) and not isinstance(pid, bool) and process_exists(pid) is False:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def loop_heartbeat_age(snapshot: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[float]:
     """The render loop's heartbeat age now; None when the display has no
     beat to report yet (or there is no snapshot)."""
@@ -141,5 +174,5 @@ def loop_heartbeat_age(snapshot: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[float]:
     return control_client.snapshot_loop_age(snapshot)
 
 
-__all__ = ['current_status', 'loop_heartbeat_age', 'on_demand_state', 'read_state',
-           'stop_subscription']
+__all__ = ['current_status', 'display_gone', 'loop_heartbeat_age', 'on_demand_state',
+           'read_state', 'stop_subscription']