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There was no way to answer "does this hardware present every frame on time?" other than watching the panel. `scripts/render_bench.py` drives the production path -- a real DisplayManager and ScrollHelper, configured through the same `scroll_config` resolver every ticker uses -- and grades the run with a new `src.common.frame_pacing`, exiting non-zero when more than 0.1% of frames slipped a refresh. Exit 2 when the run could not be set up at all, so a rig that was never measured cannot pass by accident. A missed frame is defined exactly: an interval that rounds up to at least one more refresh than its frame hold asked for. The half-refresh rounding boundary keeps a frame that ran 1ms long on a 10ms refresh out of the count, because it still presented on the refresh it was meant to. The verdict that matters more is NOT LOCKED. A loop that never blocked on vsync reports a perfect zero misses while presenting nothing -- 8ms frames on a 100Hz panel all land in the one-refresh bucket while running 25% too fast -- so the report also checks the typical frame is not shorter than the panel could physically present. That is what caught the first version of this benchmark announcing its scrolling state once instead of per frame: the state expires on an inactivity threshold, the dirty-tracking skip then fires mid-scroll, and the loop free-ran at 827fps. And the refresh is read back out of the frames rather than taken from an idle measurement. Driving the matrix is bit-banging on the same machine, so pushing frames slows the refresh: a Pi 4 on 512x64 measures 100.4Hz idle and holds 96.3Hz while scrolling. Both are real, and grading against the idle figure reports a locked loop as 4% slow -- or, once the gap passes half a refresh, as missing every frame. The gap between the two is itself worth watching: a rise in it is a render-cost regression even when nothing is missed. Measured on hdpi (Pi 4, 512x64, pwm_bits 8), two minutes each: plain 95.44 fps, 8 missed of 11,449 (0.070%) PASS --busy 2 95.41 fps, 3 missed of 11,445 (0.026%) PASS Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_014RRtqXDCnvnY6EQwhT5CV9
LEDMatrix Documentation
This directory contains guides, references, and architectural notes for the LEDMatrix project. If you are setting up a Pi for the first time, start with the project root README — it covers hardware, OS imaging, and the one-shot installer. The pages here go deeper.
I'm a new user
- GETTING_STARTED.md — first-time setup walkthrough
- WEB_INTERFACE_GUIDE.md — using the web UI
- PLUGIN_STORE_GUIDE.md — installing and managing plugins
- WIFI_NETWORK_SETUP.md — WiFi and AP-mode setup
- TROUBLESHOOTING.md — common issues and fixes
- SSH_UNAVAILABLE_AFTER_INSTALL.md — recovering SSH after install
- CONFIG_DEBUGGING.md — diagnosing config problems
- LOW_MEMORY_BOARDS.md — Pi Zero 2 W / 3B+ / 1GB Pi 4 memory limits
I want to write a plugin
Start here:
- PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT_GUIDE.md — end-to-end workflow
- PLUGIN_QUICK_REFERENCE.md — cheat sheet
- PLUGIN_API_REFERENCE.md — display, cache, and plugin-manager APIs
- PLUGIN_ERROR_HANDLING.md — error-handling patterns
- DEV_PREVIEW.md — preview plugins on your dev machine without a Pi
- EMULATOR_SETUP_GUIDE.md — running the matrix emulator
Going deeper:
- ADVANCED_PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md — advanced patterns
- PLUGIN_ARCHITECTURE_SPEC.md — original plugin-system design spec (historical; see its banner for what has drifted)
- PLUGIN_DEPENDENCY_GUIDE.md / PLUGIN_DEPENDENCY_TROUBLESHOOTING.md
- PLUGIN_WEB_UI_ACTIONS.md (+ example JSON)
- PLUGIN_CUSTOM_ICONS.md
- PLUGIN_REGISTRY_SETUP_GUIDE.md (+ registry template)
- STARLARK_APPS_GUIDE.md — Starlark-based mini-apps
- widget-guide.md — widget development
- ADAPTIVE_LAYOUT.md — render legibly on any panel size (opt-in font/layout scaling)
- plugin-safety-harness.md — test a plugin across every screen and matrix size
Configuring plugins
- PLUGIN_CONFIG_QUICK_START.md — minimal config you need
- PLUGIN_CONFIGURATION_GUIDE.md — schema design
- PLUGIN_ELEMENT_STYLING.md — let users restyle, move, hide and scale individual elements (per display mode, if you have them)
- PLUGIN_CONFIGURATION_TABS.md — multi-tab UI configs
- PLUGIN_CONFIG_ARCHITECTURE.md — how the config system works
- PLUGIN_CONFIG_CORE_PROPERTIES.md — properties every plugin honors
Advanced features
- ADVANCED_FEATURES.md — Vegas scroll, on-demand display, cache management, background services, permissions
- FONT_MANAGER.md — font system
Reference
- CONFIG_REFERENCE.md — every key in config.json and config_secrets.json
- REST_API_REFERENCE.md — all web-interface HTTP endpoints
- PLUGIN_API_REFERENCE.md — Python APIs available to plugins
- DEVELOPER_QUICK_REFERENCE.md — common dev tasks
Contributing to LEDMatrix itself
- DEVELOPMENT.md — environment setup
- HOW_TO_RUN_TESTS.md — running the test suite
- MULTI_ROOT_WORKSPACE_SETUP.md — multi-repo workspace
- MIGRATION_GUIDE.md — breaking changes between releases
- SPORTS_UNIFICATION.md — how the sports scoreboard base classes are organized
Audits
- audits/WEB_UI_AUDIT_2026-09.md — web UI audit (September 2026)
Contributing to the docs
- Markdown only, professional tone, minimal emoji.
- Prefer adding to an existing page over creating a new one. If you add a new page, link it from this index in the section it belongs to.
- If a page becomes obsolete, delete it (it stays in the repository
history) and fix the links to it;
test/test_doc_links.pyfails on broken relative links. - Keep examples runnable — paths, commands, and config keys here should match what's actually in the repo.